#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#$Date: 2016-02-21 00:03:34 +0000 (Sun, 21 Feb 2016) $
#$Revision: 176798 $
#$URL: svn://www.crystallography.net/cod/cif/2/23/90/2239069.cif $
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This file is available in the Crystallography Open Database (COD),
# http://www.crystallography.net/
#
# All data on this site have been placed in the public domain by the
# contributors.
#
data_2239069
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Ahmed, Muhammad Naeem'
'Yasin, Khawaja Ansar'
'Tahir, M. Nawaz'
'Bibi, Asma'
'Andleeb, Hina'
_publ_section_title
;
Ethyl
6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylate
;
_journal_coeditor_code HB7179
_journal_issue 2
_journal_name_full 'Acta Crystallographica Section E'
_journal_page_first o136
_journal_paper_doi 10.1107/S1600536813034673
_journal_volume 70
_journal_year 2014
_chemical_formula_iupac 'C13 H14 N4 O2'
_chemical_formula_moiety 'C13 H14 N4 O2'
_chemical_formula_sum 'C13 H14 N4 O2'
_chemical_formula_weight 258.28
_chemical_name_systematic
;
Ethyl 6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylate
;
_space_group_crystal_system triclinic
_space_group_IT_number 2
_space_group_name_Hall '-P 1'
_space_group_name_H-M_alt 'P -1'
_symmetry_space_group_name_Hall '-P 1'
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -1'
_atom_sites_solution_hydrogens geom
_atom_sites_solution_primary direct
_atom_sites_solution_secondary difmap
_audit_creation_method SHELXL-97
_cell_angle_alpha 85.722(4)
_cell_angle_beta 81.422(4)
_cell_angle_gamma 86.941(4)
_cell_formula_units_Z 2
_cell_length_a 7.1565(6)
_cell_length_b 9.3521(8)
_cell_length_c 9.8747(9)
_cell_measurement_reflns_used 1756
_cell_measurement_temperature 296(2)
_cell_measurement_theta_max 26.0
_cell_measurement_theta_min 2.1
_cell_volume 651.09(10)
_computing_cell_refinement 'SAINT (Bruker, 2007)'
_computing_data_collection 'APEX2 (Bruker, 2007)'
_computing_data_reduction 'SAINT (Bruker, 2007)'
_computing_molecular_graphics
'ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and PLATON (Spek, 2009)'
_computing_publication_material
;
WinGX (Farrugia, 2012) and PLATON (Spek, 2009)
;
_computing_structure_refinement 'SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008)'
_computing_structure_solution 'SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008)'
_diffrn_ambient_temperature 296(2)
_diffrn_detector_area_resol_mean 8.00
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_full 0.976
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_max 0.976
_diffrn_measurement_device_type 'Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD'
_diffrn_measurement_method \w
_diffrn_radiation_monochromator graphite
_diffrn_radiation_source 'fine-focus sealed tube'
_diffrn_radiation_type MoK\a
_diffrn_radiation_wavelength 0.71073
_diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents 0.0293
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_max 9
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_min -7
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_max 11
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_min -11
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_max 12
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_min -12
_diffrn_reflns_number 8987
_diffrn_reflns_theta_full 26.00
_diffrn_reflns_theta_max 26.00
_diffrn_reflns_theta_min 2.090
_diffrn_standards_number 0
_exptl_absorpt_coefficient_mu 0.093
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max 0.975
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min 0.964
_exptl_absorpt_correction_type multi-scan
_exptl_absorpt_process_details '(SADABS; Bruker, 2005)'
_exptl_crystal_colour colourless
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 1.317
_exptl_crystal_density_method 'not measured'
_exptl_crystal_description prism
_exptl_crystal_F_000 272
_exptl_crystal_size_max 0.42
_exptl_crystal_size_mid 0.30
_exptl_crystal_size_min 0.28
_refine_diff_density_max 0.122
_refine_diff_density_min -0.262
_refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref 1.044
_refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment constr
_refine_ls_matrix_type full
_refine_ls_number_parameters 173
_refine_ls_number_reflns 2484
_refine_ls_number_restraints 0
_refine_ls_restrained_S_all 1.044
_refine_ls_R_factor_all 0.0690
_refine_ls_R_factor_gt 0.0460
_refine_ls_shift/su_max 0.000
_refine_ls_shift/su_mean 0.000
_refine_ls_structure_factor_coef Fsqd
_refine_ls_weighting_details
'w=1/[\s^2^(Fo^2^)+(0.0667P)^2^+0.1169P] where P=(Fo^2^+2Fc^2^)/3'
_refine_ls_weighting_scheme calc
_refine_ls_wR_factor_gt 0.1176
_refine_ls_wR_factor_ref 0.1369
_reflns_number_gt 1756
_reflns_number_total 2484
_reflns_threshold_expression I>2\s(I)
_cod_data_source_file hb7179sup1.cif
_cod_data_source_block I
_cod_database_code 2239069
_cod_database_fobs_code 2239069
#BEGIN Tags that were not found in dictionaries:
_shelx_space_group_comment
;
The symmetry employed for this shelxl refinement is uniquely defined
by the following loop, which should always be used as a source of
symmetry information in preference to the above space-group names.
They are only intended as comments.
;
_shelx_res_file
;
TITL NWC_0m in P-1 WHITE PRISM
CELL 0.71073 7.1565 9.3521 9.8747 85.722 81.422 86.941
ZERR 2.00 0.0006 0.0008 0.0009 0.004 0.004 0.004
LATT 1
SFAC C H N O
UNIT 26 28 8 4
L.S. 40
omit -3 52
ACTA
BOND $H
HTAB
CONF
LIST 4
FMAP 2
PLAN 10
TEMP 23.000
SIZE 0.40 0.30 0.28
EQIV $1 -x+1, -y, -z+1
HTAB C5 N1_$1
EQIV $2 -x+2, -y+1, -z+1
HTAB C7 N3_$2
HTAB C9 O2_$1
WGHT 0.066700 0.116800
FVAR 0.21519
C1 1 0.241385 0.645850 0.044067 11.00000 0.09249 0.08186 =
0.08144 0.02042 -0.02759 0.01902
AFIX 137
H1A 2 0.231489 0.714669 0.112498 11.00000 -1.50000
H1B 2 0.151959 0.672194 -0.017857 11.00000 -1.50000
H1C 2 0.367060 0.644072 -0.006139 11.00000 -1.50000
AFIX 0
C2 1 0.200476 0.500898 0.111896 11.00000 0.08231 0.06814 =
0.08251 0.00505 -0.04651 0.01068
AFIX 23
H2A 2 0.073878 0.501172 0.163251 11.00000 -1.20000
H2B 2 0.209778 0.430212 0.043869 11.00000 -1.20000
AFIX 0
C3 1 0.332998 0.339739 0.272552 11.00000 0.05727 0.04320 =
0.05841 0.00084 -0.01877 -0.00009
C4 1 0.490192 0.315306 0.356047 11.00000 0.04874 0.04207 =
0.04827 0.00110 -0.01442 -0.00260
C5 1 0.505970 0.185907 0.432043 11.00000 0.05591 0.04366 =
0.06055 0.00660 -0.02241 -0.01344
AFIX 43
H5 2 0.415389 0.118627 0.430299 11.00000 -1.20000
AFIX 0
C6 1 0.769841 0.250158 0.507466 11.00000 0.04621 0.04071 =
0.04491 0.00484 -0.01366 -0.00679
C7 1 0.768963 0.382735 0.435829 11.00000 0.05810 0.04430 =
0.06804 0.01226 -0.02397 -0.01685
AFIX 43
H7 2 0.861738 0.447727 0.439443 11.00000 -1.20000
AFIX 0
C8 1 0.625053 0.414653 0.358867 11.00000 0.06311 0.04003 =
0.06205 0.01397 -0.02129 -0.00854
AFIX 43
H8 2 0.618758 0.502728 0.309026 11.00000 -1.20000
AFIX 0
C9 1 0.947783 0.084576 0.660579 11.00000 0.05429 0.03893 =
0.04905 0.00590 -0.01493 -0.00586
AFIX 43
H9 2 0.883899 0.000210 0.662817 11.00000 -1.20000
AFIX 0
C10 1 1.095980 0.107461 0.726275 11.00000 0.04569 0.05068 =
0.04932 0.00191 -0.01432 -0.00402
C11 1 1.193558 0.011114 0.820360 11.00000 0.06035 0.05811 =
0.06213 0.00719 -0.02827 -0.00087
AFIX 13
H11 2 1.157734 -0.089172 0.827960 11.00000 -1.20000
AFIX 0
C12 1 1.241243 0.065389 0.948444 11.00000 0.07443 0.09335 =
0.05579 -0.00006 -0.02590 0.00599
AFIX 23
H12A 2 1.209972 0.165471 0.964611 11.00000 -1.20000
H12B 2 1.229222 0.000621 1.030400 11.00000 -1.20000
AFIX 0
C13 1 1.393152 0.033197 0.836629 11.00000 0.05834 0.10308 =
0.06950 0.00375 -0.02478 0.00689
AFIX 23
H13A 2 1.474687 -0.051377 0.849759 11.00000 -1.20000
H13B 2 1.455438 0.113465 0.783973 11.00000 -1.20000
AFIX 0
N3 3 1.034770 0.309124 0.612666 11.00000 0.06593 0.05227 =
0.08363 0.01762 -0.03687 -0.02228
N4 3 1.145851 0.246259 0.695379 11.00000 0.06153 0.05893 =
0.07761 0.01370 -0.03437 -0.01535
N1 3 0.644012 0.152115 0.507820 11.00000 0.05430 0.04290 =
0.05702 0.00917 -0.02190 -0.01272
N2 3 0.913134 0.211066 0.591141 11.00000 0.04960 0.04170 =
0.05132 0.00731 -0.01829 -0.01220
O1 4 0.340121 0.467361 0.203535 11.00000 0.07108 0.05359 =
0.07811 0.01350 -0.03859 -0.00137
O2 4 0.215144 0.254013 0.265901 11.00000 0.07687 0.06189 =
0.10358 0.01140 -0.05003 -0.01558
HKLF 4 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
REM NWC_0m in P-1 WHITE PRISM
REM R1 = 0.0460 for 1756 Fo > 4sig(Fo) and 0.0690 for all 2484 data
REM 173 parameters refined using 0 restraints
END
WGHT 0.0667 0.1169
REM Instructions for potential hydrogen bonds
HTAB C5 N1_$1
HTAB C7 N3_$2
HTAB C9 O2_$1
REM Highest difference peak 0.122, deepest hole -0.262, 1-sigma level 0.042
Q1 1 0.8000 0.0154 0.6848 11.00000 0.05 0.12
Q2 1 0.7002 0.4836 0.2367 11.00000 0.05 0.12
Q3 1 0.3588 0.1398 0.4943 11.00000 0.05 0.12
Q4 1 0.3040 0.4394 -0.0016 11.00000 0.05 0.11
Q5 1 0.2659 0.5346 -0.0060 11.00000 0.05 0.11
Q6 1 0.8024 0.4859 0.4963 11.00000 0.05 0.11
Q7 1 1.3085 0.1633 0.9331 11.00000 0.05 0.10
Q8 1 0.9079 0.4109 0.3965 11.00000 0.05 0.10
Q9 1 1.4039 0.1431 0.8425 11.00000 0.05 0.10
Q10 1 0.1973 0.2208 0.3687 11.00000 0.05 0.10
;
_shelxl_version_number 2.013
#END Tags that were not found in dictionaries
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
'x, y, z'
'-x, -y, -z'
loop_
_atom_site_type_symbol
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
_atom_site_adp_type
_atom_site_calc_flag
_atom_site_occupancy
C C1 0.2414(3) 0.6459(2) 0.0441(2) 0.0859(7) Uani d 1
H H1A 0.2315 0.7147 0.1125 0.129 Uiso calc 1
H H1B 0.1520 0.6722 -0.0179 0.129 Uiso calc 1
H H1C 0.3671 0.6441 -0.0061 0.129 Uiso calc 1
C C2 0.2005(3) 0.5009(2) 0.1119(2) 0.0751(6) Uani d 1
H H2A 0.0739 0.5012 0.1633 0.090 Uiso calc 1
H H2B 0.2098 0.4302 0.0439 0.090 Uiso calc 1
C C3 0.3330(3) 0.33974(18) 0.27255(18) 0.0522(5) Uani d 1
C C4 0.4902(2) 0.31531(17) 0.35605(16) 0.0458(4) Uani d 1
C C5 0.5060(3) 0.18591(18) 0.43204(18) 0.0521(5) Uani d 1
H H5 0.4154 0.1186 0.4303 0.062 Uiso calc 1
C C6 0.7698(2) 0.25016(17) 0.50747(16) 0.0434(4) Uani d 1
C C7 0.7690(3) 0.38274(18) 0.43583(19) 0.0556(5) Uani d 1
H H7 0.8617 0.4477 0.4394 0.067 Uiso calc 1
C C8 0.6251(3) 0.41465(18) 0.35887(19) 0.0545(5) Uani d 1
H H8 0.6188 0.5027 0.3090 0.065 Uiso calc 1
C C9 0.9478(2) 0.08458(17) 0.66058(16) 0.0470(4) Uani d 1
H H9 0.8839 0.0002 0.6628 0.056 Uiso calc 1
C C10 1.0960(2) 0.10746(18) 0.72627(17) 0.0480(4) Uani d 1
C C11 1.1936(3) 0.0111(2) 0.82036(18) 0.0589(5) Uani d 1
H H11 1.1577 -0.0892 0.8280 0.071 Uiso calc 1
C C12 1.2412(3) 0.0654(3) 0.9484(2) 0.0734(6) Uani d 1
H H12A 1.2100 0.1655 0.9646 0.088 Uiso calc 1
H H12B 1.2292 0.0006 1.0304 0.088 Uiso calc 1
C C13 1.3932(3) 0.0332(3) 0.8366(2) 0.0763(6) Uani d 1
H H13A 1.4747 -0.0514 0.8498 0.092 Uiso calc 1
H H13B 1.4554 0.1135 0.7840 0.092 Uiso calc 1
N N3 1.0348(2) 0.30912(16) 0.61267(17) 0.0650(5) Uani d 1
N N4 1.1459(2) 0.24626(17) 0.69538(17) 0.0640(5) Uani d 1
N N1 0.6440(2) 0.15211(14) 0.50782(15) 0.0502(4) Uani d 1
N N2 0.9131(2) 0.21107(14) 0.59114(13) 0.0466(4) Uani d 1
O O1 0.34012(19) 0.46736(13) 0.20353(14) 0.0657(4) Uani d 1
O O2 0.2151(2) 0.25401(15) 0.26590(15) 0.0774(5) Uani d 1
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
C1 0.0925(17) 0.0819(16) 0.0814(16) 0.0190(13) -0.0276(13) 0.0204(12)
C2 0.0823(15) 0.0681(13) 0.0825(15) 0.0107(11) -0.0465(12) 0.0050(11)
C3 0.0573(11) 0.0432(9) 0.0584(11) -0.0001(8) -0.0188(9) 0.0008(8)
C4 0.0487(10) 0.0421(9) 0.0483(10) -0.0026(7) -0.0144(8) 0.0011(7)
C5 0.0559(11) 0.0437(9) 0.0606(11) -0.0134(8) -0.0224(9) 0.0066(8)
C6 0.0462(9) 0.0407(9) 0.0449(9) -0.0068(7) -0.0137(7) 0.0048(7)
C7 0.0581(11) 0.0443(9) 0.0680(12) -0.0169(8) -0.0240(9) 0.0123(8)
C8 0.0631(11) 0.0400(9) 0.0621(11) -0.0085(8) -0.0213(9) 0.0140(8)
C9 0.0543(10) 0.0389(9) 0.0490(10) -0.0059(7) -0.0149(8) 0.0059(7)
C10 0.0457(10) 0.0507(10) 0.0493(10) -0.0040(8) -0.0143(8) 0.0019(7)
C11 0.0604(12) 0.0581(11) 0.0621(12) -0.0009(9) -0.0283(9) 0.0072(9)
C12 0.0744(14) 0.0934(16) 0.0558(12) 0.0060(12) -0.0259(11) -0.0001(11)
C13 0.0583(13) 0.1031(17) 0.0695(14) 0.0069(11) -0.0248(11) 0.0038(12)
N3 0.0659(10) 0.0523(9) 0.0836(11) -0.0223(8) -0.0369(9) 0.0176(8)
N4 0.0615(10) 0.0589(10) 0.0776(11) -0.0153(8) -0.0344(8) 0.0137(8)
N1 0.0543(9) 0.0429(8) 0.0570(9) -0.0127(6) -0.0219(7) 0.0092(6)
N2 0.0496(8) 0.0417(8) 0.0513(8) -0.0122(6) -0.0183(6) 0.0073(6)
O1 0.0711(9) 0.0536(8) 0.0781(9) -0.0014(6) -0.0386(7) 0.0135(6)
O2 0.0769(10) 0.0619(9) 0.1036(11) -0.0156(8) -0.0500(9) 0.0114(8)
loop_
_atom_type_symbol
_atom_type_description
_atom_type_scat_dispersion_real
_atom_type_scat_dispersion_imag
_atom_type_scat_source
C C 0.0033 0.0016 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
H H 0.0000 0.0000 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
N N 0.0061 0.0033 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
O O 0.0106 0.0060 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
loop_
_geom_angle_atom_site_label_1
_geom_angle_atom_site_label_2
_geom_angle_atom_site_label_3
_geom_angle
C2 C1 H1A 109.5
C2 C1 H1B 109.5
H1A C1 H1B 109.5
C2 C1 H1C 109.5
H1A C1 H1C 109.5
H1B C1 H1C 109.5
O1 C2 C1 106.77(18)
O1 C2 H2A 110.4
C1 C2 H2A 110.4
O1 C2 H2B 110.4
C1 C2 H2B 110.4
H2A C2 H2B 108.6
O2 C3 O1 123.76(17)
O2 C3 C4 124.61(16)
O1 C3 C4 111.62(15)
C8 C4 C5 117.89(16)
C8 C4 C3 123.04(15)
C5 C4 C3 119.04(15)
N1 C5 C4 123.74(16)
N1 C5 H5 118.1
C4 C5 H5 118.1
N1 C6 C7 125.18(15)
N1 C6 N2 114.66(14)
C7 C6 N2 120.14(15)
C8 C7 C6 117.21(16)
C8 C7 H7 121.4
C6 C7 H7 121.4
C7 C8 C4 119.65(15)
C7 C8 H8 120.2
C4 C8 H8 120.2
N2 C9 C10 105.05(14)
N2 C9 H9 127.5
C10 C9 H9 127.5
C9 C10 N4 108.25(15)
C9 C10 C11 130.37(16)
N4 C10 C11 121.34(16)
C10 C11 C13 120.71(18)
C10 C11 C12 119.78(17)
C13 C11 C12 58.99(13)
C10 C11 H11 115.3
C13 C11 H11 115.3
C12 C11 H11 115.3
C13 C12 C11 60.47(14)
C13 C12 H12A 117.7
C11 C12 H12A 117.7
C13 C12 H12B 117.7
C11 C12 H12B 117.7
H12A C12 H12B 114.8
C12 C13 C11 60.54(14)
C12 C13 H13A 117.7
C11 C13 H13A 117.7
C12 C13 H13B 117.7
C11 C13 H13B 117.7
H13A C13 H13B 114.8
N4 N3 N2 107.00(14)
N3 N4 C10 109.09(14)
C6 N1 C5 116.32(14)
N3 N2 C9 110.61(14)
N3 N2 C6 119.87(13)
C9 N2 C6 129.50(14)
C3 O1 C2 116.97(15)
loop_
_geom_bond_atom_site_label_1
_geom_bond_atom_site_label_2
_geom_bond_distance
C1 C2 1.490(3)
C1 H1A 0.9600
C1 H1B 0.9600
C1 H1C 0.9600
C2 O1 1.453(2)
C2 H2A 0.9700
C2 H2B 0.9700
C3 O2 1.206(2)
C3 O1 1.329(2)
C3 C4 1.490(2)
C4 C8 1.380(2)
C4 C5 1.384(2)
C5 N1 1.337(2)
C5 H5 0.9300
C6 N1 1.318(2)
C6 C7 1.381(2)
C6 N2 1.427(2)
C7 C8 1.376(2)
C7 H7 0.9300
C8 H8 0.9300
C9 N2 1.353(2)
C9 C10 1.357(2)
C9 H9 0.9300
C10 N4 1.365(2)
C10 C11 1.471(2)
C11 C13 1.488(3)
C11 C12 1.489(3)
C11 H11 0.9800
C12 C13 1.466(3)
C12 H12A 0.9700
C12 H12B 0.9700
C13 H13A 0.9700
C13 H13B 0.9700
N3 N4 1.310(2)
N3 N2 1.347(2)
loop_
_geom_hbond_atom_site_label_D
_geom_hbond_atom_site_label_H
_geom_hbond_atom_site_label_A
_geom_hbond_site_symmetry_A
_geom_hbond_distance_DH
_geom_hbond_distance_HA
_geom_hbond_distance_DA
_geom_hbond_angle_DHA
C5 H5 N1 2_656 0.93 2.60 3.375(2) 141
C7 H7 N3 2_766 0.93 2.42 3.245(2) 147
C9 H9 O2 2_656 0.93 2.54 3.422(2) 159
loop_
_geom_torsion_atom_site_label_1
_geom_torsion_atom_site_label_2
_geom_torsion_atom_site_label_3
_geom_torsion_atom_site_label_4
_geom_torsion
O2 C3 C4 C8 178.53(18)
O1 C3 C4 C8 -0.3(2)
O2 C3 C4 C5 0.2(3)
O1 C3 C4 C5 -178.58(15)
C8 C4 C5 N1 0.1(3)
C3 C4 C5 N1 178.47(16)
N1 C6 C7 C8 0.0(3)
N2 C6 C7 C8 -178.94(15)
C6 C7 C8 C4 -0.1(3)
C5 C4 C8 C7 0.0(3)
C3 C4 C8 C7 -178.31(16)
N2 C9 C10 N4 0.24(19)
N2 C9 C10 C11 178.12(17)
C9 C10 C11 C13 155.10(19)
N4 C10 C11 C13 -27.3(3)
C9 C10 C11 C12 -135.4(2)
N4 C10 C11 C12 42.2(3)
C10 C11 C12 C13 -110.0(2)
C10 C11 C13 C12 108.5(2)
N2 N3 N4 C10 0.3(2)
C9 C10 N4 N3 -0.4(2)
C11 C10 N4 N3 -178.48(16)
C7 C6 N1 C5 0.1(3)
N2 C6 N1 C5 179.08(14)
C4 C5 N1 C6 -0.1(3)
N4 N3 N2 C9 -0.2(2)
N4 N3 N2 C6 178.13(15)
C10 C9 N2 N3 -0.04(19)
C10 C9 N2 C6 -178.15(16)
N1 C6 N2 N3 -171.57(14)
C7 C6 N2 N3 7.5(2)
N1 C6 N2 C9 6.4(3)
C7 C6 N2 C9 -174.54(16)
O2 C3 O1 C2 -2.2(3)
C4 C3 O1 C2 176.58(15)
C1 C2 O1 C3 -178.22(16)